Should India introduce a Universal Basic Income of ₹3,000/month for all adults below poverty line?

The Question

Universal Basic Income (UBI) is being piloted in several countries. In India, multiple government schemes (PM-KISAN, MGNREGA, various state DBT schemes) already attempt direct cash transfers, but with complex eligibility and leakage. A single, unconditional UBI of ₹3,000/month for all adults living below the poverty line (~270 million people) would cost approximately ₹10 lakh crore annually. Proponents say it simplifies welfare and gives dignified choice. Critics argue India cannot afford it and it may reduce work incentives.